PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.
